#| '!! shinylive warning !!': |
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library(shiny)
pk_data <- data.frame(
Drug = c(
"Abatacept",
"Abemaciclib",
"Acalabrutinib",
"Acetazolamide",
"Acetylcysteine",
"Aciclovir",
"Adalimumab",
"Adefovir",
"Adrenaline (epinephrine)",
"Afatinib",
"Agomelatine",
"Albendazole",
"Alendronate",
"Allopurinol",
"Alogliptin",
"Alpelisib",
"Amantadine",
"Amiloride",
"Amiodarone",
"Amisulpride",
"Amitriptyline",
"Amlodipine",
"Amoxicillin",
"Amphotericin B",
"Ampicillin",
"Anastrozole",
"Apalutamide",
"Apomorphine",
"Aprotinin",
"Aripiprazole",
"Armodafinil",
"Artemether",
"Asciminib",
"Asparaginase",
"Aspirin",
"Atazanavir",
"Atenolol",
"Atomoxetine",
"Atorvastatin",
"Atovaquone",
"Azathioprine",
"Azelastine",
"Azithromycin",
"Aztreonam",
"Baclofen",
"Baloxavir",
"Balsalazide",
"Baricitinib",
"Beclometasone dipropionate",
"Benralizumab",
"Benzylpenicillin",
"Binimetinib",
"Bisoprolol",
"Bleomycin",
"Bosentan",
"Brexpiprazole",
"Brigatinib",
"Brinzolamide",
"Brivaracetam",
"Bromazepam",
"Bromhexine",
"Bromocriptine",
"Budesonide",
"Bupropion",
"Busulfan",
"Cabergoline",
"Cabotegravir",
"Cabozantinib",
"Calcitonin salmon (salcatonin)",
"Calcitriol",
"Candesartan cilexetil",
"Cannabidiol",
"Captopril",
"Carbamazepine",
"Carbimazole",
"Carboplatin",
"Cariprazine",
"Carmustine",
"Cefaclor",
"Cefalexin",
"Cefalotin",
"Cefazolin",
"Cefepime",
"Cefotaxime",
"Cefoxitin",
"Ceftazidime",
"Chloramphenicol",
"Chlorpromazine",
"Ciclesonide",
"Ciclosporin",
"Cinacalcet",
"Ciprofloxacin",
"Cisplatin",
"Citalopram",
"Cladribine",
"Clarithromycin",
"Clavulanic acid",
"Clonidine",
"Clopidogrel",
"Clozapine",
"Cobimetinib",
"Codeine",
"Colchicine",
"Colecalciferol",
"Colistin",
"Crizotinib",
"Cromoglycate",
"Cyclophosphamide",
"Cytarabine",
"Dactinomycin",
"Dantrolene",
"Dapagliflozin",
"Dapoxetine",
"Darolutamide",
"Darunavir",
"Dasatinib",
"Daunorubicin",
"Deferiprone",
"Desloratadine",
"Desmopressin",
"Desvenlafaxine",
"Diazoxide",
"Diclofenac",
"Dicloxacillin",
"Digoxin",
"Dihydrocodeine",
"Diltiazem",
"Dimethyl fumarate",
"Diphenoxylate",
"Dipyridamole",
"Disopyramide",
"Dobutamine",
"Docetaxel",
"Dopamine",
"Dosulepin (dothiepin)",
"Doxepin",
"Doxorubicin",
"Doxycycline",
"Duloxetine",
"Dutasteride",
"Elexacaftor",
"Eltrombopag",
"Empagliflozin",
"Emtricitabine",
"Enalapril",
"Entrectinib",
"Enzalutamide",
"Ephedrine",
"Epirubicin",
"Eplerenone",
"Epoetin",
"Eprosartan",
"Erlotinib",
"Ertugliflozin",
"Erythromycin",
"Eslicarbazepine",
"Esomeprazole",
"Ethambutol",
"Etoricoxib",
"Etravirine",
"Everolimus",
"Evolocumab",
"Exemestane",
"Exenatide",
"Famciclovir",
"Famotidine",
"Fampridine",
"Febuxostat",
"Felodipine",
"Fentanyl",
"Fexofenadine",
"Flecainide",
"Flucloxacillin",
"Fluconazole",
"Flucytosine",
"Fludarabine",
"Flunitrazepam",
"Fluorouracil",
"Fluoxetine",
"Flutamide",
"Fluticasone",
"Fluvastatin",
"Fluvoxamine",
"Fosamprenavir",
"Fostemsavir",
"Fotemustine",
"Fremanezumab",
"Furosemide",
"Fusidic acid",
"Gabapentin",
"Galantamine",
"Galcanezumab",
"Ganciclovir",
"Gemfibrozil",
"Gentamicin",
"Gilteritinib",
"Glipizide",
"Glucagon",
"Glyceryl trinitrate",
"Glycopyrronium bromide",
"Glycopyrronium",
"Granisetron",
"Griseofulvin",
"Guanfacine",
"Haloperidol",
"Hydralazine",
"Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Hyoscine",
"Hyoscyamine",
"Ibandronate",
"Ibrutinib",
"Ibuprofen",
"Icatibant",
"Idarubicin",
"Idelalisib",
"Iloprost",
"Imatinib",
"Imipenem",
"Imipramine",
"Ipratropium",
"Irbesartan",
"Irinotecan",
"Isavuconazole",
"Isoniazid",
"Isosorbide dinitrate",
"Isosorbide mononitrate",
"Isotretinoin",
"Itraconazole",
"Ivabradine",
"Ivacaftor",
"Ixazomib",
"Lamotrigine",
"Lansoprazole",
"Lanthanum",
"Lapatinib",
"Larotrectinib",
"Ledipasvir",
"Lemborexant",
"Lenalidomide",
"Lenvatinib",
"Letermovir",
"Letrozole",
"Leucovorin",
"Levodopa",
"Lidocaine",
"Lincomycin",
"Linezolid",
"Liraglutide",
"Lisinopril",
"Lithium carbonate",
"Lixisenatide",
"Loperamide",
"Loratadine",
"Lorazepam",
"Lorlatinib",
"Losartan",
"Lumacaftor",
"Maraviroc",
"Mecasermin",
"Mefenamic acid",
"Melphalan",
"Mepivacaine",
"Mercaptopurine",
"Mesna",
"Mesterolone",
"Metformin",
"Methadone",
"Methotrexate",
"Methyldopa",
"Methylnaltrexone",
"Metronidazole",
"Mianserin",
"Miconazole",
"Midazolam",
"Midodrine",
"Milnacipran",
"Milrinone",
"Minocycline",
"Minoxidil",
"Mirabegron",
"Misoprostol",
"Mitomycin",
"Montelukast",
"Morphine",
"Mycophenolate",
"Nalmefene",
"Naloxegol",
"Naloxone",
"Naltrexone",
"Naproxen",
"Natalizumab",
"Nebivolol",
"Netupitant",
"Nevirapine",
"Nicorandil",
"Nicotinic acid",
"Nifedipine",
"Nilotinib",
"Nintedanib",
"Niraparib",
"Nitrazepam",
"Nitrofurantoin",
"Nizatidine",
"Norfloxacin",
"Nortriptyline",
"Olaparib",
"Olmesartan",
"Olodaterol",
"Omeprazole",
"Ondansetron",
"Opicapone",
"Oseltamivir",
"Osilodrostat",
"Osimertinib",
"Oxaliplatin",
"Oxazepam",
"Oxycodone",
"Paclitaxel",
"Palbociclib",
"Paliperidone",
"Palonosetron",
"Pamidronate",
"Pantoprazole",
"Paracetamol",
"Paroxetine",
"Pazopanib",
"Pemigatinib",
"Penicillamine",
"Pentoxifylline",
"Perampanel",
"Perhexiline",
"Perindopril",
"Pethidine",
"Phenobarbital",
"Phenoxybenzamine",
"Phenoxymethylpenicillin",
"Phenytoin",
"Pioglitazone",
"Piperacillin",
"Pirfenidone",
# Add to Drug vector
"Ponesimod",
"Posaconazole",
"Pramipexole",
"Pravastatin",
"Prazosin",
"Prednisolone",
"Pregabalin",
"Probenecid",
"Prochlorperazine",
"Promethazine",
"Propantheline",
"Propofol",
"Pseudoephedrine",
"Pyridostigmine",
"Quetiapine",
"Quinapril",
"Quinine",
"Rabeprazole",
"Raloxifene",
"Raltegravir",
"Raltitrexed",
"Ramipril",
"Ranitidine",
"Ribavirin",
"Ribociclib",
"Rifabutin",
"Rifampicin",
"Rifaximin",
"Rilpivirine",
"Riociguat",
"Risankizumab",
"Risdiplam",
"Risedronate",
"Risperidone",
"Ropinirole",
"Rosuvastatin",
"Rotigotine",
"Roxithromycin",
"Rufinamide",
"Ruxolitinib",
"Sacubitril",
"Safinamide",
"Salbutamol",
"Sapropterin",
"Saxagliptin",
"Selegiline",
# Add to Drug vector
"Semaglutide",
"Sertraline",
"Simvastatin",
"Siponimod",
"Sitagliptin",
"Sofosbuvir",
"Solifenacin",
"Sonidegib",
"Sorafenib",
"Sotalol",
"Sulfasalazine",
"Sulindac",
"Sumatriptan",
"Sunitinib",
"Suvorexant",
"Tacrolimus",
"Tafamidis",
"Tafenoquine",
"Talazoparib",
"Tamoxifen",
"Teicoplanin",
"Telotristat",
"Temazepam",
"Tepotinib",
"Terazosin",
"Terbutaline",
"Teriflunomide",
"Testosterone",
"Tetracycline",
"Tezacaftor",
"Thalidomide",
"Theophylline",
"Thiopental",
"Thiotepa",
"Tibolone",
# Add to Drug vector
"Ticarcillin",
"Timolol",
"Tobramycin",
"Tocilizumab",
"Tofacitinib",
"Tolvaptan",
"Topiramate",
"Topotecan",
"Toremifene",
"Trametinib",
"Trandolapril",
"Treosulfan",
"Triamterene",
"Triazolam",
"Trihexyphenidyl",
"Trimethoprim",
"Ulipristal",
"Valaciclovir",
"Valproate",
"Valsartan",
"Vancomycin",
"Vandetanib",
"Varenicline",
"Venetoclax",
"Venlafaxine",
"Verapamil",
"Vericiguat",
"Vinblastine",
"Vincristine",
"Vismodegib",
"Vorinostat",
"Vortioxetine",
"Warfarin",
"Zanubrutinib",
"Zidovudine",
"Zoledronic acid",
"Zolpidem",
"Zonisamide"
),
Half_life_display = c(
"13–16 days",
"25 h",
"1 h, active metabolite 7 h",
"13 h",
"2.6–5 h",
"3 h",
"10–20 days",
"7.5 h",
"5–10 minutes",
"37 h",
"1.5 h",
"8–12 h",
">10 years",
"0.5–2 h, metabolite 12–40 h",
"21 h",
"9 h",
"16 h",
"8 h",
"14–110 days",
"12 h",
"24 h",
"35–50 h",
"1 h",
"28 h",
"1 h",
"50 h, active metabolites up to 37 h",
"75 h",
"0.5 h",
"8 h",
"75 h; 146 h in poor metabolisers",
"15 h",
"2 h",
"5 h",
"8–30 h",
"0.5 h",
"6.4 h",
"7.5 h",
"3.6 h",
"14 h",
"60–70 h",
"10 minutes",
"22 h; metabolite 56 h",
"70 h",
"2 h",
"3 h",
"80 h",
"Unknown",
"12 h",
"3 h",
"360 h",
"0.5 h",
"10 h",
"10–12 h",
"3 h",
"6 h",
"90 h",
"25 h",
"111 days",
"9 h",
"17 h",
"6 h",
"7 h",
"2 h",
"20 h",
"2.5 h",
"60–110 h",
"40 h",
"110 h",
"1–2 h",
"4.5 h",
"9 h",
"60 h",
"1.5 h",
"15 h",
"0.85 h",
"6 h",
"50 h, active metabolites up to 450 h",
"0.3 h",
"0.75 h",
"1 h",
"0.8 h",
"1.8 h",
"2 h",
"1.3 h",
"1 h",
"1.6 h",
"4.5 h",
"15–30 h",
"0.94 h",
"6–20 h",
"35 h",
"4 h",
"0.5 h unbound; 65 h protein-bound platinum",
"36 h",
"7 h",
"4 h",
"1 h",
"15 h",
"8 h",
"12 h",
"44 h",
"3 h",
"4.4 h",
"18 days",
"4 h",
"42 h",
"1.3 h",
"9 h",
"2 h",
"36 h",
"9 h",
"13 h",
"19 h",
"9 h; 22 h for active diastereomer",
"15 h",
"6 h",
"26 h",
"1–3 h",
"27 h",
"2–3 h",
"11 h",
"30 h",
"1.5 h",
"0.7 h",
"40 h",
"4 h",
"4 h",
"1 h",
"4 h",
"10 h",
"7 h",
"2 minutes",
"11 h",
"2 minutes",
"51 h",
"20 h",
"30 h",
"16 h",
"12 h",
"3–5 weeks",
"25 h",
"30 h",
"12.9 h",
"10 h",
"30 h",
"20 h; metabolite 40 h",
"150 h",
"4.5 h",
"36 h",
"4 h",
"5 h",
"7 h",
"36 h",
"16 h",
"1.5 h",
"15 h",
"1.5 h",
"12 h",
"22 h",
"35 h",
"30 h",
"360 h",
"24 h",
"2–3 h",
"2 h",
"3 h",
"6 h",
"5–8 h",
"14 h",
"3 h",
"15 h",
"15 h",
"1 h",
"30 h",
"5 h",
"20 h",
"25 h",
"10 minutes",
"5 days; metabolite 9 days",
"8 h",
"3 h",
"2 h",
"20 h",
"7.7 h",
"11 h",
"83 h",
"30 days",
"2 h",
"9 h",
"6 h",
"8 h",
"28 days",
"3 h",
"1.5 h",
"2.5 h",
"113 h",
"3 h",
"0.1 h",
"2 minutes",
"1.5 h",
"6 h IV",
"9 h",
"17 h",
"18 h",
"20 h",
"2.5 h",
"10 h",
"3 h",
"2.5 h",
"10–60 h",
"6 h",
"2 h",
"1–2 h",
"20 h",
"8 h",
"5–25 minutes",
"18 h",
"1 h",
"12 h",
"4 h",
"14 h",
"6 h; metabolite 6–20 h",
"115 h",
"2 h",
"1 h",
"5 h",
"10–20 h",
">20 h",
"2 h",
"12 h",
"240 h",
"27 h",
"1.5 h",
">26 weeks",
"24 h",
"3 h",
"48 h",
"18 h",
"4 h",
"28 h",
"8 h",
"48 h",
"0.5 h",
"1.5 h",
"2 h",
"5 h",
"6 h",
"13 h",
"13 h",
"24 h",
"1.5–4.5 h",
"10 h",
"12 h",
"15 h",
"24 h",
"2 h; metabolite 6–9 h",
"26 h",
"Unknown",
"6 h",
"3.5 h",
"1.5 h",
"2.5 h",
"1 h",
"0.3 h",
"12 h",
"4 h",
"20 h",
"7 h",
"2 h",
"8 h",
"8 h",
"16 h",
"24 h",
"2 h",
"0.5 h (3 h metabolite)",
"8 h",
"1 h",
"16 h",
"4 h",
"50 h",
"<0.5 h",
"50 min",
"3–6 h",
"2 h",
"18 h",
"12 h",
"9 h",
"1 h",
"3 h",
"14 h",
"11 days",
"10 h extensive metabolizers; 30–50 h poor metabolizers",
"90 h",
"25–45 h",
"1 h",
"0.75 h",
"3 h",
"17 h",
"15 h",
"36 h",
"26 h",
"1 h",
"1.6 h",
"5 h",
"30 h",
"12 h",
"13 h",
"22 h IV",
"1 h",
"4 h",
"1.5 h (100 h metabolite)",
"7.5 h",
"4 h",
"48 h",
"270 h",
"8 h",
"3 h",
"3–50 h",
"29 h",
"24 h",
"40 h",
"1 h",
"1 h",
"2 h",
"24 h",
"30 h",
"15 h",
"90 h",
"1 h",
"105 h",
"2–6 days",
"2 h (28 h metabolite)",
"3 h (20 h metabolite)",
"96 h",
"24 h",
"0.5 h",
"22 h (range 7–42 h)",
"6 h",
"1 h",
"2.5 h",
# Add to Half_life_display
"33 h",
"35 h",
"10 h",
"2 h",
"3 h",
"3.5 h",
"6 h",
"8 h",
"24 h",
"12 h",
"2 h",
"5 h",
"10 h",
"1 h",
"7 h",
"1 h (25 h metabolite)",
"11 h",
"1 h",
"28 h",
"Unknown",
"8 days",
"12 h",
"2.5 h",
"28 h",
"32 h",
"40 h",
"3.5 h",
"Unknown",
"45 h",
"12 h",
"28 days",
"50 h",
"1.5 h initial; 480 h terminal",
"3 h extensive metabolizers; 19 h poor metabolizers",
"6 h",
"20 h",
"6 h",
"12 h",
"10 h",
"3 h",
"1.4 h (11.5 h metabolite)",
"30 h",
"4 h",
"6 h",
"2.5 h",
"18–25 h",
# Add to Half_life_display
"170 h",
"26 h",
"2 h (1.9 h metabolite)",
"30 h",
"12 h",
"0.4 h (27 h metabolite)",
"40–70 h",
"28 days",
"24–48 h",
"12 h",
"6–10 h",
"7 h (16 h metabolite)",
"2 h",
"40–60 h (80–110 h metabolite)",
"12 h",
"43 h healthy subjects; 11–15 h transplant patients",
"50 h",
"18 days",
"90 h",
"5–7 days (10–14 days metabolite)",
"3–4 days",
"0.6 h (5 h metabolite)",
"10 h",
"32 h",
"12 h",
"15 h",
"450 h",
"70 minutes",
"10 h",
"160 h",
"6 h",
"3–12 h (mean 7 h)",
"9 h",
"2 h",
"Very short",
# Add to Half_life_display
"1.3 h",
"4 h",
"2–3 h",
">10 days",
"3 h",
"8 h",
"20–30 h",
"2–3 h",
"5 days",
"4 h",
"1 h (22 h metabolite)",
"2 h",
"3 h",
"3 h",
"9 h",
"11 h",
"38 h",
"3 h",
"14 h",
"10 h",
"6 h",
"500 h",
"24 h",
"26 h",
"5 h (10 h metabolite)",
"4 h",
"30 h",
"24 h",
"50 h",
"100 h multiple dosing",
"2 h",
"66 h",
"40 h",
"4 h",
"1 h",
"6 days",
"2.4 h",
"60 h"
),
Half_life_h = c(
348,
25,
1,
13,
4,
3,
360,
7.5,
0.125,
37,
1.5,
10,
87600,
2,
21,
9,
16,
8,
1488,
12,
24,
42.5,
1,
28,
1,
50,
75,
0.5,
8,
75,
15,
2,
5,
20,
0.5,
6.4,
7.5,
3.6,
14,
65,
0.17,
22,
70,
2,
3,
80,
0.01,
12,
3,
360,
0.5,
10,
11,
3,
6,
90,
25,
2664,
9,
17,
6,
7,
2,
20,
2.5,
85,
40,
110,
1.5,
4.5,
9,
60,
1.5,
15,
0.85,
6,
50,
0.3,
0.75,
1,
0.8,
1.8,
2,
1.3,
1,
1.6,
4.5,
22.5,
0.94,
13,
35,
4,
0.5,
36,
7,
4,
1,
15,
8,
12,
44,
3,
4.4,
432,
4,
42,
1.3,
9,
2,
36,
9,
13,
19,
22,
15,
6,
26,
2,
27,
2.5,
11,
30,
1.5,
0.7,
40,
4,
4,
1,
4,
10,
7,
0.03,
11,
0.03,
51,
20,
30,
16,
12,
672,
25,
30,
12.9,
10,
30,
20,
150,
4.5,
36,
4,
5,
7,
36,
16,
1.5,
15,
1.5,
12,
22,
35,
30,
360,
24,
2.5,
2,
3,
6,
6.5,
14,
3,
15,
15,
1,
30,
5,
20,
25,
0.17,
120,
8,
3,
2,
20,
7.7,
11,
83,
720,
2,
9,
6,
8,
672,
3,
1.5,
2.5,
113,
3,
0.1,
0.03,
1.5,
6,
9,
17,
18,
20,
2.5,
10,
3,
2.5,
35,
6,
2,
1.5,
20,
8,
0.25,
18,
1,
12,
4,
14,
6,
115,
2,
1,
5,
15,
20,
2,
12,
240,
27,
1.5,
4368,
24,
3,
48,
18,
4,
28,
8,
48,
0.5,
1.5,
2,
5,
6,
13,
13,
24,
3,
10,
12,
15,
24,
6,
26,
NA,
6,
3.5,
1.5,
2.5,
1,
0.3,
12,
4,
20,
7,
2,
8,
8,
16,
24,
2,
0.5,
8,
1,
16,
4,
50,
0.5,
0.83,
4.5,
2,
18,
12,
9,
1,
3,
14,
264,
10,
90,
35,
1,
0.75,
3,
17,
15,
36,
26,
1,
1.6,
5,
30,
12,
13,
22,
1,
4,
1.5,
7.5,
4,
48,
270,
8,
3,
26,
29,
24,
40,
1,
1,
2,
24,
30,
15,
90,
2,
1,
105,
96,
3,
96,
24,
0.5,
22,
6,
1,
2.5,
# Add to Half_life_h
33,
35,
10,
2,
3,
3.5,
6,
8,
24,
12,
2,
5,
10,
1,
7,
1,
11,
1,
28,
NA,
192,
12,
2.5,
28,
32,
40,
3.5,
NA,
45,
12,
672,
50,
480,
19,
6,
20,
6,
12,
10,
3,
11.5,
30,
4,
6,
2.5,
21.5,
# Add to Half_life_h
170,
26,
2,
30,
12,
0.4,
55,
672,
36,
12,
8,
7,
2,
60,
12,
43,
50,
432,
90,
168,
84,
0.6,
10,
32,
12,
15,
450,
1.17,
10,
160,
6,
7,
9,
2,
0.1,
# Add to Half_life_h
1.3,
4,
2.5,
240,
3,
8,
25,
2.5,
120,
4,
22,
2,
3,
3,
9,
11,
38,
3,
14,
10,
6,
500,
24,
26,
10,
4,
30,
24,
50,
100,
2,
66,
40,
4,
1,
144,
2.4,
60
),
Clearance = c(
"0.004",
"6 (CL/F)",
"15 (3*)",
"0.5",
"Unknown",
"4.5",
"0.003",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"16",
"Unknown",
"3",
"10",
"3.3",
"2.2",
"4.8",
"7.4",
"2",
"5.6",
"10",
"7",
"4",
"0.4",
"3.5",
"Unknown",
"0.3 (CL/F)",
"65",
"0.6",
"0.7",
"0.5 oral",
"Unknown",
"1.5 oral",
"Unknown",
"10",
"4",
"2.7",
"6",
"Unknown",
"0.15",
"57",
"7.6",
"9",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"2.5 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"2.5 CL/F",
"15",
"0.3 L/day",
"10",
"7 CL/F",
"3.7",
"1",
"1",
"Unknown",
"3 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.5",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"15",
"50",
"4.5",
"Unknown",
"0.05 oral",
"0.7 CL/F",
"2",
"Unknown",
"0.37",
"250",
"13",
"1.3",
"Unknown",
"1.5",
"Unknown",
"60",
"6",
"4.3",
"7",
"1",
"1.7",
"4",
"4",
"2",
"4",
"9",
"35",
"5",
"5",
"6",
"6.3",
"5",
"15",
"Unknown",
"3.6",
"3",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"3 CL/F",
"12",
"9",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"15 CL/F at steady state",
"Unknown",
"1.3",
"13",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"2",
"8",
"Unknown",
"3",
"10",
"Unknown",
"1.3",
"4",
"0.05",
"4",
"Unknown",
"1",
"4",
"15",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"2.5",
"1",
"60",
"8",
"60",
"25",
"15",
"17",
"0.5",
"25",
"Unknown",
"0.3",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"4",
"Unknown",
"5 CL/F",
"0.15 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"19",
"2",
"0.1",
"2.2",
"1",
"3",
"7",
"Unknown",
"2.2",
"9",
"0.8",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"2",
"Unknown",
"6",
"7",
"1",
"15",
"12",
"16",
"10",
"Unknown",
"0.3",
"2",
"2",
"1.5",
"16",
"2.5",
"Unknown",
"14",
"25",
"12",
"9",
"4",
"Unknown",
"0.14 CL/F",
"2",
"Unknown",
"2",
"4",
"0.24 CL/F",
"4",
"2",
"1.3",
"4 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"10",
"300",
"20",
"Unknown",
"4",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"12",
"50",
"5",
"1",
"Unknown",
"1–2",
"Unknown",
"0.75",
"4",
"25",
"Unknown",
"20",
"2.5",
"2.9",
"16",
"Unknown",
"2.2",
"12.5",
"0.7",
"5",
"34",
"10",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"6",
"4 CL/F",
"0.5",
"0.6",
"7",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"8",
"0.01",
"15",
"3 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"1.2",
"0.5",
"4",
"9",
"10",
"Unknown",
"2",
"0.3",
"0.7",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"1",
"3 CL/F",
"8",
"0.8 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"0.7 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"5",
"5",
"11",
"20",
"4.5",
"6.5",
"1.4",
"2",
"3",
"2",
"1.3",
"10",
"Unknown",
"5",
"Unknown",
"7",
"2",
"1",
"10",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"20",
"0.5",
"20",
"2.5",
"40 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"22",
"22",
"0.1",
"0.004",
"Unknown",
"5",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"7",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"4 CL/F",
"1",
"10",
"10",
"7",
"7.2",
"2 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"12",
"7.5",
"7.5",
"5",
"5",
"4",
"3.5",
"2",
"1",
"10",
"6",
"15 oral",
"Unknown",
"2.5",
"2",
"2",
"5",
"Unknown",
"0.07",
"2.5 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"10",
"Unknown",
"0.7 poor metabolizers; 7.2 extensive metabolizers; 17.2 ultrarapid metabolizers",
"Unknown",
"15",
"0.05",
"24",
"0.5",
"0.5",
"Unknown",
"2.6",
"Unknown",
# Add to Clearance
"1",
"8",
"8",
"Unknown",
"3",
"Unknown",
"1",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"16",
"20",
"20",
"0.1",
"12",
"Unknown",
"2*",
"2",
"4",
"Negligible",
"Unknown",
"0.7",
"1*",
"10",
"5",
"6 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"3.5",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.5",
"0.3 L/day",
"Unknown",
"1.7",
"4 extensive metabolizers; 0.5 poor metabolizers",
"15",
"1.1",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"9",
"3.5",
"0.6*",
"1",
"12.8",
"Unknown",
"3",
"Unknown",
# Add to Clearance
"0.02",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.7 CL/F",
"6",
"Unknown",
"2.6",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"2.5",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"16",
"2 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"0.5 healthy subjects; 1–2 transplant patients",
"0.05",
"1 CL/F",
"1.5 CL/F",
"1.4",
"0.18",
"10*",
"0.9",
"3",
"Unknown",
"3",
"0.007",
"25",
"1.7",
"0.3",
"2.5",
"0.6",
"4",
"5",
"Unknown",
# Add to Clearance
"2",
"8",
"1.5",
"0.2",
"5",
"4 oral",
"0.5",
"14",
"Unknown",
"1.1",
"Unknown",
"3",
"20",
"10",
"Unknown",
"2",
"25 CL/F",
"Unknown",
"0.12",
"Unknown",
"1.5",
"3",
"3",
"Unknown",
"15",
"15",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"6",
"0.04",
"30 CL/F",
"25",
"1",
"Unknown",
"0.3"
),
Fe_display = c(
"Unknown",
"0.02",
"0.01",
"0.7–0.9",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"<0.1",
"0.04",
"Negligible",
"<0.01",
"0.5",
"<0.1 single dose; 0.3 regular dosing",
"0.65",
"0.02",
"0.9",
"0.6",
"<0.05",
"0.5",
"<0.02",
"<0.1",
"<0.75",
"<0.05",
"0.9",
"<0.1",
"0.01",
"<0.02",
"0.05",
"<0.01",
"<0.1",
"Unknown",
"0.1",
"<0.05",
"<0.02",
"0.07",
"0.94",
"0.03",
"<0.02",
"<0.01",
"<0.1",
"0.13",
"0.06",
"0.6",
"0.8",
"0.03",
"<0.01",
"0.7",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.75",
"0.02",
"0.5",
"0.4",
"<0.03",
"<0.01",
"0.25",
">0.9",
"0.1",
"0.02",
"<0.01",
"<0.05",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.02",
"0.01",
"Unknown",
"<0.02",
"Unknown",
"0.3",
"<0.05",
"0.4",
"<0.05",
"<0.05",
"0.7",
"0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.85",
"0.9",
"0.5",
"0.8",
"0.9",
"0.5",
"0.8",
"0.8",
"0.3",
"<0.01",
"Unknown",
"<0.001",
"<0.05",
"0.45",
"0.2",
"0.12–0.23",
"0.4",
"0.3",
"0.23",
"0.4",
"0.5",
"<0.01",
"0.02",
"0.1",
"0.15",
"<0.01",
"0.8",
"0.02",
"<0.05",
"0.25",
"<0.1",
"0.1",
"<0.01",
"0.02",
"<0.01",
"0.07",
"0.07",
"0.001",
"0.2",
"0.05",
"Unknown",
"0.45",
"0.45",
"0.4",
"<0.01",
"0.5",
"0.7",
"0.3",
"<0.05",
"0.15",
"0.1",
"<0.05",
"0.5",
"<0.1",
"0.05",
"<0.01",
"0.01",
"<0.01",
"<0.05",
"0.4",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"Negligible",
"<0.01",
"<0.02",
"0.7",
"0.4",
"0.03",
"<0.01",
"0.65",
"0.1",
"<0.05",
"0.05",
"0.05",
"<0.05",
"0.02",
"<0.1",
"0.6",
"<0.01",
"0.5",
"<0.01",
"0",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"<0.01",
"1",
"0",
"0.7",
"0.9",
"0.03",
"<0.01",
"<0.1",
"0.1",
"0.3",
"0.5",
"0.8",
"0.9",
"0.5",
"<0.01",
"<0.2",
"<0.1",
"<0.06",
"<0.05",
"<0.01",
"<0.04",
"<0.01",
"Unknown",
"<0.01",
"Unknown",
"0.7",
"<0.01",
"0.8",
"0.2",
"Unknown",
"0.9",
"<0.02",
"0.8",
"Unknown",
"0.04",
"Unknown",
"<0.01",
">0.8",
"0.2",
"0.12",
"0.01",
"0.3",
"0.01",
"<0.1",
"0.65",
"<0.1",
"<0.05",
"0.5",
"0.01",
"<0.1",
"<0.1",
"0.03",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.05",
"0.7",
"<0.1",
"0.03",
"0.02",
"0.2",
"0.01",
"0.1",
"<0.01",
"0.02",
"<0.1",
"Unknown",
"0.04",
"<0.01",
"0.03",
"<0.1",
"<0.05",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.3",
"0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.65",
"0.01",
"0.02",
"0.06",
"0.1",
"<0.1",
"<0.1",
"0.04",
"0.35",
"<0.01",
">0.9",
">0.95",
"Unknown",
"<0.05",
"Unknown",
"<0.05",
"0.01",
"0.05",
"<0.01",
"0.08",
"Unknown",
"<0.05",
"0.1",
"Unknown",
"<0.05",
"0.4",
"0.01",
"0.4",
"<0.33",
">0.7",
"0.25",
"0.5",
"0.1",
"0.05",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.1",
"0.55",
"0.8",
"<0.1",
"<0.1",
"0.06–0.12",
"Unknown",
"0.1",
"<0.01",
"<0.1",
"<0.01",
"0.03",
"0.06",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"<0.1",
"Unknown",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"<0.03",
"0.01",
"0.4",
"<0.01",
"<0.1",
"0.01",
"0.1",
"<0.04",
"0.4",
"0.6",
"0.3",
"0.02",
"Unknown",
"0.4",
"0.05 inhaled",
"<0.05",
"<0.05",
"Unknown",
">0.99",
"0.05",
"0.01",
">0.5",
"<0.05",
"<0.1",
"<0.1",
"<0.05",
"0.6",
"0.4",
"0.4",
"<0.01",
"<0.05",
"0.02",
"0.04",
"0.01",
"0.1",
"<0.05",
"0.2",
"Unknown",
"0.7",
"<0.1",
"0.3",
"Unknown",
"0.3",
"<0.05",
"0.01",
"0.7",
"<0.01",
# Add to Fe_display
"0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.9",
"0.08",
"0.05",
"<0.2",
"0.95",
"0.075",
"<0.01",
"0.02",
"0.05",
"Unknown",
"0.7",
"0.9",
"0.01",
">0.9*",
"<0.05",
"<0.01",
"Negligible",
"0.1",
"0.5",
"<0.02 (>0.6*)",
"0.7",
"0.3",
"0.1",
"0.05",
"0.15",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"Unknown",
"0.01",
"0.08",
"0.85",
"0.2",
"<0.1",
"<0.1",
"<0.02",
"0.07",
"0.02",
"0.01",
"0.6*",
"0.05",
"0.25",
"Unknown",
"0.25",
"<0.01",
# Add to Fe_display
"0.03",
"0.1",
"<0.01",
"0.01",
"0.8",
"0.03 (0.8*)",
"0.1",
"0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.75",
"0.05",
"<0.20",
"0.2",
"<0.1",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"Unknown",
"0.01",
"0.4",
"<0.01",
"0.8",
"0.01",
"<0.02",
"0.07",
"0.1",
"<0.5",
"Unknown",
"<0.05",
"0.6",
"0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.1",
"<0.01",
"0.9",
"Unknown",
# Add to Fe_display
"0.65",
"0.2",
">0.9",
"Unknown",
"0.03",
"0.01",
"0.6",
"0.4",
"<0.1",
"0.01",
"<0.01 (0.15*)",
"0.4",
"0.05",
"<0.02",
"<0.05",
"0.6",
"<0.1",
"<0.01",
"<0.05",
"0.13",
"0.85",
"Unknown",
"0.9",
"<0.01",
"0.05",
"<0.05",
"<0.05",
"Unknown",
"0.05",
"0.05",
"0.01",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.01",
"0.15",
"0.4",
"Low",
"0.2"
),
Fe_numeric = c(
NA,
0.02,
0.01,
0.8,
NA,
0.6,
NA,
NA,
0.1,
0.04,
0.01,
0.01,
0.5,
0.3,
0.65,
0.02,
0.9,
0.6,
0.05,
0.5,
0.02,
0.1,
0.75,
0.05,
0.9,
0.1,
0.01,
0.02,
0.05,
0.01,
0.1,
NA,
0.1,
0.05,
0.02,
0.07,
0.94,
0.03,
0.02,
0.01,
0.1,
0.13,
0.06,
0.6,
0.8,
0.03,
0.01,
0.7,
NA,
NA,
0.75,
0.02,
0.5,
0.4,
0.03,
0.01,
0.25,
0.9,
0.1,
0.02,
0.01,
0.05,
0.01,
0.01,
0.01,
0.02,
0.01,
NA,
0.02,
NA,
0.3,
0.05,
0.4,
0.05,
0.05,
0.7,
0.01,
0.01,
0.85,
0.9,
0.5,
0.8,
0.9,
0.5,
0.8,
0.8,
0.3,
0.01,
NA,
0.001,
0.05,
0.45,
0.2,
0.18,
0.4,
0.3,
0.23,
0.4,
0.5,
0.01,
0.02,
0.1,
0.15,
0.01,
0.8,
0.02,
0.05,
0.25,
0.1,
0.1,
0.01,
0.02,
0.01,
0.07,
0.07,
0.001,
0.2,
0.05,
NA,
0.45,
0.45,
0.4,
0.01,
0.5,
0.7,
0.3,
0.05,
0.15,
0.1,
0.05,
0.5,
0.1,
0.05,
0.01,
0.01,
0.01,
0.05,
0.4,
0.01,
0.01,
0.01,
0.01,
0.02,
0.7,
0.4,
0.03,
0.01,
0.65,
0.1,
0.05,
0.05,
0.05,
0.05,
0.02,
0.1,
0.6,
0.01,
0.5,
0.01,
0,
NA,
NA,
0.01,
1,
0,
0.7,
0.9,
0.03,
0.01,
0.1,
0.1,
0.3,
0.5,
0.8,
0.9,
0.5,
0.01,
0.2,
0.1,
0.06,
0.05,
0.01,
0.04,
0.01,
NA,
0.01,
NA,
0.7,
0.01,
0.8,
0.2,
NA,
0.9,
0.02,
0.8,
NA,
0.04,
NA,
0.01,
0.8,
0.2,
0.12,
0.01,
0.3,
0.01,
0.1,
0.65,
0.1,
0.05,
0.5,
0.01,
0.1,
0.1,
0.03,
NA,
NA,
0.05,
0.7,
0.1,
0.03,
0.02,
0.2,
0.01,
0.1,
0.01,
0.02,
0.1,
NA,
0.04,
0.01,
0.03,
0.1,
0.05,
0.01,
0.01,
0.3,
0.01,
0.01,
0.65,
0.01,
0.02,
0.06,
0.1,
0.1,
0.1,
0.04,
0.35,
0.01,
0.9,
0.95,
NA,
0.05,
NA,
0.05,
0.01,
0.05,
0.01,
0.08,
NA,
0.05,
0.1,
NA,
0.05,
0.4,
0.01,
0.4,
0.33,
0.7,
0.25,
0.5,
0.1,
0.05,
0.01,
0.01,
0.1,
0.55,
0.8,
0.1,
0.1,
0.12,
NA,
0.1,
0.01,
0.1,
0.01,
0.03,
0.06,
0.01,
0.01,
0.1,
NA,
0.01,
0.01,
0.03,
0.01,
0.4,
0.01,
0.1,
0.01,
0.1,
0.04,
0.4,
0.6,
0.3,
0.02,
NA,
0.4,
0.05,
0.05,
0.05,
NA,
0.99,
0.05,
0.01,
0.5,
0.05,
0.1,
0.1,
0.05,
0.6,
0.4,
0.4,
0.01,
0.05,
0.02,
0.04,
0.01,
0.1,
0.05,
0.2,
NA,
0.7,
0.1,
0.3,
NA,
0.3,
0.05,
0.01,
0.7,
0.01,
# Add to Fe_numeric
0.01,
0.01,
0.9,
0.08,
0.05,
0.2,
0.95,
0.075,
0.01,
0.02,
0.05,
NA,
0.7,
0.9,
0.01,
0.9,
0.05,
0.01,
0.01,
0.1,
0.5,
0.6,
0.7,
0.3,
0.1,
0.05,
0.15,
0.01,
0.01,
NA,
0.01,
0.08,
0.85,
0.2,
0.1,
0.1,
0.02,
0.07,
0.02,
0.01,
0.6,
0.05,
0.25,
NA,
0.25,
0.01,
# Add to Fe_numeric
0.03,
0.1,
0.01,
0.01,
0.8,
0.03,
0.1,
0.01,
0.01,
0.75,
0.05,
0.2,
0.2,
0.1,
0.01,
0.01,
NA,
0.01,
0.4,
0.01,
0.8,
0.01,
0.02,
0.07,
0.1,
0.5,
NA,
0.05,
0.6,
0.01,
0.01,
0.1,
0.01,
0.9,
NA,
# Add to Fe_numeric
0.65,
0.2,
0.9,
NA,
0.03,
0.01,
0.6,
0.4,
0.1,
0.01,
0.01,
0.4,
0.05,
0.02,
0.05,
0.6,
0.1,
0.01,
0.05,
0.13,
0.85,
NA,
0.9,
0.01,
0.05,
0.05,
0.05,
NA,
0.05,
0.05,
0.01,
0.01,
0.01,
0.01,
0.15,
0.4,
0.1,
0.2
),
Fu_display = c(
"Unknown",
"0.03",
"0.02",
"0.1",
"0.2",
"0.8",
"Unknown",
"0.95",
"0.5",
"0.05",
"0.05",
"0.3",
"0.22",
">0.95",
"0.8",
"0.1",
"0.3",
"0.6",
"0.04",
"0.84",
"0.05",
"0.03",
"0.8",
"0.05",
"0.8",
"0.6",
"0.04",
"0.1",
"0.2",
"<0.01",
"0.4",
"0.5",
"0.03",
"0.7",
"0.5–0.9",
"0.14",
"0.95",
"0.01",
"0.02",
"<0.01",
"0.7",
"0.12",
"0.07–0.51",
"0.3",
"0.7",
"0.06",
"0.01",
"0.5",
"0.13",
"Unknown",
"0.4",
"0.03",
"0.65",
"0.99",
"0.02",
"0.01",
"0.1",
"0.4",
"0.8",
"0.3",
"0.05",
"0.05",
"0.1",
"0.16",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"0.01",
"0.01",
"0.65",
"Unknown",
"<0.01",
"0.05",
"0.7",
"0.25",
">0.9",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.2",
"0.75",
"0.85",
"0.3",
"0.2",
"0.8",
"0.7",
"0.3",
"0.9",
"0.5",
"0.05",
"0.01",
"0.1",
"0.03",
"0.6",
"<0.1",
"0.2",
"0.8",
"0.2",
"0.7–0.9",
"0.7",
"0.02",
"0.05",
"0.05",
"0.9",
"0.5",
"Unknown",
"0.5",
"0.1",
"0.35",
"0.8",
"0.9",
"Unknown",
"0.1",
"0.1",
"0.01",
"0.08",
"0.05",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
">0.9",
"0.15",
"Unknown",
"0.7",
"0.1",
"<0.01",
"0.02",
"0.8",
"Unknown",
"0.2",
"0.65",
"Unknown",
"<0.05",
"0.5",
"Unknown",
"<0.05",
"Unknown",
"0.16",
"0.2",
"0.2",
"0.1",
"<0.1",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.01",
"0.09",
">0.95",
"0.5",
"0.01",
"0.02",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.5",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.02",
"0.05",
"0.06",
"0.25",
"0.6",
"0.03",
"0.1–0.4",
"0.08",
"0.01",
"0.25",
"0.7",
"0.1",
"Unknown",
">0.8",
"0.8",
"0.1",
"0.01",
"0.2",
"0.35",
"0.5",
"0.08",
"0.9",
">0.95",
">0.95",
"0.2",
"0.9",
"0.05",
"0.05",
"0.1",
"0.02",
"0.2",
"0.1",
"0.1",
"0.7",
"0.55",
"0.03",
"0.05",
">0.9",
"0.8",
"Unknown",
"0.98",
"0.01",
">0.7",
"0.1",
"0.05",
"Unknown",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"0.35",
"0.16",
"0.3",
"0.1",
"0.1",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.15",
"0.03",
"0.01",
"0.66",
"0.03",
"0.06",
"0.4",
"0.05",
"0.8",
"0.1",
"0.8",
"0.1",
"0.35",
"0.01",
"0.85",
"0.7",
">0.95",
"0.01",
"0.01",
"0.3",
"0.01",
"0.01",
"0.45",
"0.02",
"<0.01",
"<0.01",
"0.3",
"0.01",
"0.06",
"0.7",
"0.02",
"0.01",
"0.4",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"0.4",
"0.35",
"0.7",
"0.02",
">0.9",
"1",
"0.45",
"0.03",
"0.02",
"0.1",
"0.35",
"0.01",
"0.01",
"0.25",
"Unknown",
"0.01",
"0.2",
"0.2",
"0.8",
"0.3",
"0.02",
">0.9",
"0.1",
"0.4",
">0.8",
"0.9",
">0.8",
"0.05",
"0.1",
"0.05",
"0.7",
"0.9",
"0.3",
"0.25",
">0.9",
"0.29",
"0.2",
"Unknown",
"0.01",
"0.7",
"0.03",
"0.7",
"0.8",
"0.6",
"0.8",
"0.01",
"Unknown",
"0.02",
"0.01",
"0.4",
"0.75",
"Unknown",
"0.04",
"0.02",
"0.02",
"0.17",
"0.15",
"<0.4",
"0.7",
"0.85",
"0.1",
"0.1",
"<0.01",
"0.3 inhaled; <0.01 oral",
"0.05",
"0.25",
"0.01",
">0.9",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.1",
"0.50",
"<0.1",
"0.15",
"0.25",
"0.4",
"0.46",
"0.02",
">0.8",
"0.05",
"0.01",
"0.1",
"0.2",
">0.9",
"0.05",
"<0.1",
">0.8",
"0.35",
"0.5",
"<0.01",
"0.2",
"0.1",
"<0.02",
"0.8",
"0.45",
# Add to Fu_display
"0.85",
"<0.02",
"0.85",
"0.5",
"<0.1",
"0.1",
"1",
"0.1",
"0.2",
"0.15",
"Unknown",
"<0.05",
"Unknown",
"0.15",
"0.17",
"0.03",
"<0.3",
"0.03",
"0.01",
"0.17",
"0.07",
"0.5*",
"0.85",
"1",
"0.3",
"0.15",
"0.2",
"0.3",
"<0.01",
"0.05",
"0.9",
"0.1",
"0.75",
"0.1 (0.2*)",
"0.75",
"0.1",
"0.08",
"0.05",
"0.65",
"0.03",
"0.05",
"0.01",
">0.9",
"Unknown",
"0.99",
"0.1",
# Add to Fu_display
"0.01",
"0.02",
"0.02 (0.06*)",
"0.01",
"0.6",
"0.4",
"0.02",
"0.03",
"0.01",
">0.9",
"<0.1",
"0.05",
"0.8",
"0.05 (0.1*)",
"0.01",
"0.01",
"0.01",
"0.01",
"0.25",
"<0.02",
"0.05",
"0.01",
"0.04",
"0.02",
"<0.1",
"0.8",
"<0.01",
"0.02",
"0.07–0.77",
"0.01",
"0.4",
"0.4",
"0.15",
">0.6",
"0.04",
# Add to Fu_display
"0.5",
"0.4",
">0.9",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"0.02",
">0.8",
"0.65",
"<0.01",
"0.03",
"<0.2 (0.05*)",
"1",
"0.33 (0.1*)",
"0.1",
"0.05",
"0.40",
"0.02",
"0.85",
"0.1",
"0.23",
"0.45",
"0.07",
">0.8",
"<0.01",
"0.7",
"0.1",
"0.02",
"0.01",
"0.25",
"0.03",
"0.3",
"0.02",
"0.02",
"0.06",
"0.6",
"0.8",
"0.1",
"0.5"
),
Fu_numeric = c(
NA,
0.03,
0.02,
0.1,
0.2,
0.8,
NA,
0.95,
0.5,
0.05,
0.05,
0.3,
0.22,
0.95,
0.8,
0.1,
0.3,
0.6,
0.04,
0.84,
0.05,
0.03,
0.8,
0.05,
0.8,
0.6,
0.04,
0.1,
0.2,
0.01,
0.4,
0.5,
0.03,
0.7,
0.7,
0.14,
0.95,
0.01,
0.02,
0.01,
0.7,
0.12,
0.3,
0.3,
0.7,
0.06,
0.01,
0.5,
0.13,
NA,
0.4,
0.03,
0.65,
0.99,
0.02,
0.01,
0.1,
0.4,
0.8,
0.3,
0.05,
0.05,
0.1,
0.16,
NA,
0.6,
0.01,
0.01,
0.65,
NA,
0.01,
0.05,
0.7,
0.25,
0.9,
NA,
NA,
0.2,
0.75,
0.85,
0.3,
0.2,
0.8,
0.7,
0.3,
0.9,
0.5,
0.05,
0.01,
0.1,
0.03,
0.6,
0.1,
0.2,
0.8,
0.2,
0.8,
0.7,
0.02,
0.05,
0.05,
0.9,
0.5,
NA,
0.5,
0.1,
0.35,
0.8,
0.9,
NA,
0.1,
0.1,
0.01,
0.08,
0.05,
NA,
NA,
0.9,
0.15,
NA,
0.7,
0.1,
0.01,
0.02,
0.8,
NA,
0.2,
0.65,
NA,
0.05,
0.5,
NA,
0.05,
NA,
0.16,
0.2,
0.2,
0.1,
0.1,
0.01,
0.01,
0.01,
0.09,
0.95,
0.5,
0.01,
0.02,
NA,
NA,
0.5,
NA,
NA,
0.02,
0.05,
0.06,
0.25,
0.6,
0.03,
0.25,
0.08,
0.01,
0.25,
0.7,
0.1,
NA,
0.8,
0.8,
0.1,
0.01,
0.2,
0.35,
0.5,
0.08,
0.9,
0.95,
0.95,
0.2,
0.9,
0.05,
0.05,
0.1,
0.02,
0.2,
0.1,
0.1,
0.7,
0.55,
0.03,
0.05,
0.9,
0.8,
NA,
0.98,
0.01,
0.7,
0.1,
0.05,
NA,
0.4,
NA,
0.6,
0.35,
0.16,
0.3,
0.1,
0.1,
0.4,
NA,
NA,
0.15,
0.03,
0.01,
0.66,
0.03,
0.06,
0.4,
0.05,
0.8,
0.1,
0.8,
0.1,
0.35,
0.01,
0.85,
0.7,
0.95,
0.01,
0.01,
0.3,
0.01,
0.01,
0.45,
0.02,
0.01,
0.01,
0.3,
0.01,
0.06,
0.7,
0.02,
0.01,
0.4,
0.6,
NA,
0.4,
0.35,
0.7,
0.02,
0.9,
1,
0.45,
0.03,
0.02,
0.1,
0.35,
0.01,
0.01,
0.25,
NA,
0.01,
0.2,
0.2,
0.8,
0.3,
0.02,
0.9,
0.1,
0.4,
0.8,
0.9,
0.8,
0.05,
0.1,
0.05,
0.7,
0.9,
0.3,
0.25,
0.9,
0.29,
0.2,
NA,
0.01,
0.7,
0.03,
0.7,
0.8,
0.6,
0.8,
0.01,
NA,
0.02,
0.01,
0.4,
0.75,
NA,
0.04,
0.02,
0.02,
0.17,
0.15,
0.4,
0.7,
0.85,
0.1,
0.1,
0.01,
0.3,
0.05,
0.25,
0.01,
0.9,
0.6,
NA,
NA,
0.1,
0.5,
0.1,
0.15,
0.25,
0.4,
0.46,
0.02,
0.8,
0.05,
0.01,
0.1,
0.2,
0.9,
0.05,
0.1,
0.8,
0.35,
0.5,
0.01,
0.2,
0.1,
0.02,
0.8,
0.45,
# Add to Fu_numeric
0.85,
0.02,
0.85,
0.5,
0.1,
0.1,
1,
0.1,
0.2,
0.15,
NA,
0.05,
NA,
0.15,
0.17,
0.03,
0.3,
0.03,
0.01,
0.17,
0.07,
0.5,
0.85,
1,
0.3,
0.15,
0.2,
0.3,
0.01,
0.05,
0.9,
0.1,
0.75,
0.1,
0.75,
0.1,
0.08,
0.05,
0.65,
0.03,
0.05,
0.01,
0.9,
NA,
0.99,
0.1,
# Add to Fu_numeric
0.01,
0.02,
0.02,
0.01,
0.6,
0.4,
0.02,
0.03,
0.01,
0.9,
0.1,
0.05,
0.8,
0.05,
0.01,
0.01,
0.01,
0.01,
0.25,
0.02,
0.05,
0.01,
0.04,
0.02,
0.1,
0.8,
0.01,
0.02,
0.4,
0.01,
0.4,
0.4,
0.15,
0.6,
0.04,
# Add to Fu_numeric
0.5,
0.4,
0.9,
NA,
0.6,
0.02,
0.8,
0.65,
0.01,
0.03,
0.1,
1,
0.33,
0.1,
0.05,
0.4,
0.02,
0.85,
0.1,
0.23,
0.45,
0.07,
0.8,
0.01,
0.7,
0.1,
0.02,
0.01,
0.25,
0.03,
0.3,
0.02,
0.02,
0.06,
0.6,
0.8,
0.1,
0.5
),
F_display = c(
"Unknown",
"0.45",
"0.25",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.2",
"Unknown",
"0.59",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.01",
"Active metabolite",
"0.6 fasting",
"0.9",
"1.0",
"0.99 fed; 0.69 fasting",
">0.9",
"0.5",
"0.22–0.86",
"0.48",
"0.5",
"0.6",
"0.9",
"<0.1",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"1.0",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.87",
"Unknown",
"Active metabolite",
"0.73",
"Unknown",
"0.7",
"Unknown",
"0.5",
"0.63–0.93",
"0.14",
"Unknown",
">0.8",
"0.2",
"0.37",
"Unknown",
"0.7–0.8",
"Unknown",
"0.01",
"0.8",
"0.1",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
">0.5",
"0.9",
"Unknown",
"0.4",
"0.95",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"1",
"Unknown",
"0.2",
"0.07",
"0.33",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.7 SC and IM",
"Unknown",
"0.14",
"Unknown",
"0.7",
">0.8",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.9",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.9",
"Unknown",
"<0.01",
"0.1–0.9",
"0.25",
"0.7",
"Unknown",
"0.8",
"Unknown",
"0.55",
"0.7–0.9",
"0.95",
">0.5",
"0.5",
"0.46",
"0.5",
"0.25–0.5",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.43",
"<0.05",
">0.75",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.8",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.0008",
"0.8",
"Unknown",
"0.55",
"0.6",
"0.7",
"0.21",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.4–0.7",
"0.75",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.3",
"Unknown",
"0.9",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"0.8",
"0.5",
"0.75",
"0.93",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"0.85",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.7",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.13",
"0.6",
"1",
"0.4",
"0.9",
"0.5–0.9",
"0.8",
"1",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.8",
"0.5",
"0.95",
"0.5",
"0.2",
"0.5 sublingual",
"0.3",
">0.9",
"Unknown",
">0.9",
"0.8",
"0.6",
"0.9",
"0.3",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"0.1–0.3 inhaled",
"0.2",
"0.5",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"0.9",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
">0.9",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
">0.9",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.4 inhaled",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"0.2",
"0.7",
"0.2",
"Unknown",
"0.01",
"0.03",
">0.9",
"0.97",
"0.3",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.98",
"Unknown",
"0.5",
"~0.05 GI absorption",
"0.7",
"Unknown",
"1",
"0.8",
"0.25",
"0.9",
"Unknown",
"0.55",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
">0.95",
">0.8",
"<0.01",
"Unknown",
"0.35",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.95",
"1",
"1",
"0.8",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"1",
"Unknown",
"0.4",
"1",
"Unknown",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"0.95",
"0.8",
"0.33",
"Unknown",
"0.23",
"1",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.15",
"0.5",
"0.03",
"0.5",
"0.9",
">0.75",
"0.4",
"0.8",
"1",
"0.2",
"0.25",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.85",
"Unknown",
"1",
"Unknown",
"0.29–0.35",
">0.8",
"Unknown",
"0.64",
"0.3",
"0.94",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"0.03",
"0.2",
"0.99",
"Unknown",
"0.13 extensive metabolizers; 1 poor metabolizers",
"<0.6",
"0.9",
"0.75",
"Unknown",
"0.5",
"0.3",
"0.05",
"0.73",
"0.8",
"Unknown",
">0.7",
"0.35",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"0.26",
"0.3 inhaled; <0.01 oral",
"0.5",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"0.75",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.87",
"Low",
"0.46",
"0.28",
"0.97",
"Unknown",
"0.8",
"0.8",
"Unknown",
"0.14–0.4",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.25",
"Unknown",
"0.8",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"0.9",
"0.85",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
# Add to F_display
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.9",
"0.2",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
">0.9",
"Unknown",
"0.2",
"0.25",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.15",
"0.09",
">0.6",
"0.8",
"0.5",
"0.02",
">0.3",
"Unknown",
"0.3",
"0.5",
"0.55",
"0.6",
"0.2",
"Unknown",
"<0.01",
"Unknown",
"0.95",
"0.9",
"Unknown",
"<0.01",
"0.66 extensive metabolizers; 0.82 poor metabolizers",
"0.45",
"0.2",
"0.37 transdermal",
"0.5",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"0.95",
"0.44",
"Unknown",
">0.75",
"0.1",
# Add to F_display
"0.9",
"0.88",
"0.05",
"0.85",
"0.87",
"Active metabolite",
"0.9",
"0.1",
"Unknown",
"1",
"Unknown",
"0.9",
"0.15",
"Active metabolite",
"0.62",
"0.2",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"1",
"0.9",
"0.72",
"0.92",
"0.15",
"Unknown",
"<0.05",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
">0.9",
"0.15",
"Variable intravesical bioavailability (0.1–1)",
"0.04",
# Add to F_display
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"0.75",
"0.55",
">0.8",
"0.4",
"Unknown",
"0.72",
"0.1 (0.5*)",
"Unknown",
"0.5",
">0.95",
"Unknown",
"1",
"0.3",
"0.6",
">0.95",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
"Unknown",
">0.9",
"Unknown",
"0.45",
"0.2",
"0.93",
"Active metabolite",
"Unknown",
"0.32",
"Unknown",
"0.75",
"1",
"Unknown",
"0.6",
"Unknown",
"0.7",
"1"
),
F_numeric = c(
NA,
0.45,
0.25,
NA,
NA,
0.2,
NA,
0.59,
NA,
NA,
0.01,
NA,
0.6,
0.9,
1.0,
0.99,
0.9,
0.5,
0.54,
0.48,
0.5,
0.6,
0.9,
0.1,
NA,
NA,
1.0,
NA,
NA,
0.87,
NA,
NA,
0.73,
NA,
0.7,
NA,
0.5,
0.8,
0.14,
NA,
0.8,
0.2,
0.37,
NA,
0.75,
NA,
0.01,
0.8,
0.1,
NA,
NA,
0.5,
0.9,
NA,
0.4,
0.95,
NA,
NA,
1,
NA,
0.2,
0.07,
0.33,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.7,
NA,
0.14,
NA,
0.7,
0.8,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.9,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.9,
NA,
0.01,
0.5,
0.25,
0.7,
NA,
0.8,
NA,
0.55,
0.8,
0.95,
0.5,
0.5,
0.46,
0.5,
0.4,
NA,
NA,
0.43,
0.05,
0.75,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.8,
0.4,
NA,
0.4,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.0008,
0.8,
NA,
0.55,
0.6,
0.7,
0.21,
0.4,
NA,
NA,
0.55,
0.75,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.3,
NA,
0.9,
NA,
0.6,
0.8,
0.5,
0.75,
0.93,
0.4,
NA,
0.85,
NA,
NA,
0.7,
NA,
NA,
0.13,
0.6,
1,
0.4,
0.9,
0.7,
0.8,
1,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.8,
0.5,
0.95,
0.5,
0.2,
0.5,
0.3,
0.9,
NA,
0.9,
0.8,
0.6,
0.9,
0.3,
0.6,
NA,
0.2,
0.2,
0.5,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.6,
NA,
0.6,
0.9,
NA,
NA,
0.9,
NA,
NA,
0.9,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.4,
0.6,
NA,
NA,
0.6,
0.2,
0.7,
0.2,
NA,
0.01,
0.03,
0.9,
0.97,
0.3,
NA,
NA,
0.98,
NA,
0.5,
0.05,
0.7,
NA,
1,
0.8,
0.25,
0.9,
NA,
0.55,
0.4,
NA,
0.6,
0.95,
0.8,
0.01,
NA,
0.35,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.95,
1,
1,
0.8,
0.4,
NA,
1,
NA,
0.4,
1,
NA,
0.4,
NA,
0.95,
0.8,
0.33,
NA,
0.23,
1,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.15,
0.5,
0.03,
0.5,
0.9,
0.75,
0.4,
0.8,
1,
0.2,
0.25,
NA,
NA,
0.85,
NA,
1,
NA,
0.32,
0.8,
NA,
0.64,
0.3,
0.94,
0.4,
NA,
0.03,
0.2,
0.99,
NA,
0.13,
0.6,
0.9,
0.75,
NA,
0.5,
0.3,
0.05,
0.73,
0.8,
NA,
0.7,
0.35,
0.6,
NA,
0.26,
0.3,
0.5,
0.6,
NA,
0.75,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.87,
0.1,
0.46,
0.28,
0.97,
NA,
0.8,
0.8,
NA,
0.3,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.25,
NA,
0.8,
NA,
0.6,
0.9,
0.85,
NA,
NA,
# Add to F_numeric
NA,
NA,
0.9,
0.2,
0.6,
NA,
0.9,
NA,
0.2,
0.25,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.15,
0.09,
0.6,
0.8,
0.5,
0.02,
0.3,
NA,
0.3,
0.5,
0.55,
0.6,
0.2,
NA,
0.01,
NA,
0.95,
0.9,
NA,
0.01,
0.74,
0.45,
0.2,
0.37,
0.5,
NA,
NA,
0.6,
0.95,
0.44,
NA,
0.75,
0.1,
# Add to F_numeric
0.9,
0.88,
0.05,
0.85,
0.87,
NA,
0.9,
0.1,
NA,
1,
NA,
0.9,
0.15,
NA,
0.62,
0.2,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
NA,
1,
0.9,
0.72,
0.92,
0.15,
NA,
0.05,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.9,
0.15,
0.5,
0.04,
# Add to F_numeric
NA,
0.6,
NA,
NA,
0.75,
0.55,
0.8,
0.4,
NA,
0.72,
0.1,
NA,
0.5,
0.95,
NA,
1,
0.3,
0.6,
0.95,
NA,
NA,
NA,
0.9,
NA,
0.45,
0.2,
0.93,
NA,
NA,
0.32,
NA,
0.75,
1,
NA,
0.6,
NA,
0.7,
1
),
Comment = c(
"Biologic fusion protein with long systemic persistence.",
"Oral CDK4/6 inhibitor with high protein binding.",
"Active metabolite has longer half-life.",
"Substantial renal excretion as unchanged drug.",
"Short half-life; fraction unbound reported as 0.2.",
"Renally eliminated antiviral with low oral bioavailability.",
"Monoclonal antibody with long half-life.",
"Antiviral nucleotide analogue.",
"Very short half-life catecholamine with rapid metabolism.",
"Irreversible ErbB family blocker with low renal excretion.",
"Low oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism.",
"Anthelmintic drug with active metabolite contribution.",
"Extremely prolonged skeletal retention due to bone binding.",
"Active metabolite oxypurinol contributes substantially to pharmacological effect.",
"DPP-4 inhibitor with significant renal elimination.",
"PI3K inhibitor; food affects oral bioavailability.",
"Substantial renal elimination with prolonged exposure in renal impairment.",
"Potassium-sparing diuretic with substantial renal excretion.",
"Very long and variable half-life; therapeutic drug monitoring may be relevant.",
"Moderate renal excretion with high unbound fraction.",
"Tricyclic antidepressant; active metabolite nortriptyline contributes to effect.",
"Long half-life calcium channel blocker with low unbound fraction.",
"Short half-life beta-lactam antibiotic with high oral bioavailability.",
"Poor oral bioavailability; systemic use is usually parenteral.",
"Short half-life beta-lactam antibiotic with substantial renal excretion.",
"Active metabolites may have half-lives up to 37 hours.",
"Long half-life oral antiandrogen with complete oral bioavailability.",
"Very short half-life; values shown for SC/IV administration.",
"Protease inhibitor previously used to reduce bleeding during surgery.",
"Active metabolite dehydroaripiprazole contributes substantially to exposure.",
"R-enantiomer of modafinil.",
"Antimalarial with active metabolite dihydroartemisinin.",
"Oral BCR-ABL inhibitor.",
"Enzyme preparation with variable half-life.",
"Aspirin rapidly converts to salicylic acid.",
"Protease inhibitor used in HIV therapy.",
"Beta-blocker with substantial renal elimination.",
"Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; CYP2D6 poor metabolisers have prolonged exposure.",
"HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with low unbound fraction.",
"Very high protein binding with prolonged half-life.",
"Converted to active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine.",
"Active metabolite desmethylazelastine contributes to exposure.",
"Protein binding changes with plasma concentration.",
"Monobactam beta-lactam antibiotic.",
"GABA-B agonist with high renal elimination.",
"Influenza cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor.",
"Very low systemic bioavailability.",
"JAK inhibitor with substantial renal elimination.",
"Inhaled corticosteroid prodrug.",
"Monoclonal antibody targeting IL-5 receptor.",
"Short half-life beta-lactam antibiotic.",
"Blood/plasma ratio approximately 0.72.",
"Beta-blocker with mixed renal and hepatic elimination.",
"Anticancer antibiotic with high unbound fraction.",
"Clearance is non-linear and auto-inducible.",
"Atypical antipsychotic with long half-life.",
"Blood/plasma ratio approximately 0.7.",
"Active metabolite N-desethyl brinzolamide contributes to exposure.",
"Antiseizure medicine with high oral bioavailability.",
"Benzodiazepine with intermediate half-life.",
"Mucolytic agent with low oral bioavailability.",
"Dopamine agonist with low oral bioavailability.",
"Nasal bioavailability approximately 0.2.",
"Antidepressant with active metabolites.",
"Alkylating agent with short half-life.",
"Dopamine agonist with long half-life.",
"Integrase inhibitor with very low unbound fraction.",
"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor with long half-life.",
"Apparent biological half-life is several hours.",
"Pharmacological half-life is approximately 4 days.",
"Values refer to candesartan formed from prodrug candesartan cilexetil.",
"Cannabinoid with high clearance and low unbound fraction.",
"ACE inhibitor with moderate renal excretion.",
"Induces its own metabolism.",
"Rapidly hydrolysed to methimazole, which has a half-life of 3–5 hours.",
"Platinum chemotherapy with substantial renal excretion.",
"Active metabolites DCAR and DDCAR contribute to exposure.",
"Alkylating chemotherapy with very short half-life.",
"Oral cephalosporin with substantial renal elimination.",
"Oral cephalosporin with high renal elimination and high oral bioavailability.",
"Parenteral cephalosporin with renal elimination.",
"Cephalosporin with substantial renal excretion.",
"Cephalosporin with high renal elimination.",
"Cephalosporin with moderate renal elimination.",
"Cephamycin antibiotic with substantial renal elimination.",
"Cephalosporin with substantial renal elimination.",
"Available only as IM injection for systemic use.",
"Phenothiazine antipsychotic with low renal excretion.",
"Inhaled corticosteroid with very low oral bioavailability.",
"Therapeutic drug monitoring may be required.",
"Calcimimetic with low oral bioavailability.",
"Fluoroquinolone with moderate renal elimination.",
"Cisplatin has short unbound half-life but prolonged protein-bound platinum persistence.",
"Active metabolites include demethylcitalopram, didemethylcitalopram and citalopram N-oxide.",
"Purine analogue with moderate renal elimination.",
"Macrolide antibiotic with moderate oral bioavailability.",
"Beta-lactamase inhibitor with high unbound fraction.",
"Alpha-2 agonist with high oral bioavailability.",
"Prodrug antiplatelet agent.",
"Active metabolite norclozapine contributes to effect.",
"MEK inhibitor.",
"Converted partly to morphine.",
"Narrow therapeutic index anti-inflammatory drug.",
"Stored in fat depots for prolonged periods.",
"Polymyxin antibiotic with substantial renal elimination.",
"ALK inhibitor with long half-life.",
"Very low systemic bioavailability.",
"Alkylating agent requiring hepatic activation.",
"Antimetabolite chemotherapy with high unbound fraction.",
"Antitumour antibiotic.",
"Muscle relaxant with low unbound fraction.",
"SGLT2 inhibitor.",
"Short-acting SSRI used in premature ejaculation.",
"S/S diastereomer dominates in plasma.",
"Protease inhibitor; ritonavir increases exposure.",
"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor with very low renal excretion.",
"Anthracycline chemotherapy.",
"Iron chelator with high unbound fraction.",
"Active metabolite of loratadine.",
"Values refer to oral tablet formulation.",
"SNRI antidepressant with substantial renal elimination.",
"Potassium channel opener.",
"NSAID with extensive protein binding.",
"Penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam antibiotic.",
"Therapeutic drug monitoring may be useful.",
"Opioid analgesic.",
"Calcium channel blocker.",
"All values refer to active metabolite MMF.",
"Active metabolite diphenoxylic acid contributes to effect.",
"Antiplatelet vasodilator.",
"Class IA antiarrhythmic.",
"Very short half-life catecholamine.",
"Taxane chemotherapy.",
"Very short half-life catecholamine neurotransmitter.",
"Active metabolite desmethyldothiepin contributes to effect.",
"Tricyclic antidepressant.",
"Pegylated liposomal formulation has prolonged terminal half-life.",
"Tetracycline antibiotic.",
"SNRI antidepressant with extensive metabolism.",
"Very prolonged half-life due to tissue accumulation.",
"CFTR modulator.",
"Thrombopoietin receptor agonist.",
"SGLT2 inhibitor.",
"Adjust dose in renal impairment.",
"Active metabolite enalaprilat contributes to activity.",
"Active metabolite contributes to exposure.",
"Androgen receptor inhibitor with very long half-life.",
"Sympathomimetic agent.",
"Anthracycline chemotherapy.",
"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.",
"Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent.",
"Angiotensin receptor blocker.",
"EGFR inhibitor.",
"Blood/plasma ratio approximately 0.66.",
"Macrolide antibiotic.",
"Antiseizure medicine with high renal elimination.",
"Proton pump inhibitor.",
"Antitubercular drug.",
"Selective COX-2 inhibitor.",
"NNRTI antiretroviral.",
"Therapeutic drug monitoring may be relevant.",
"PCSK9 monoclonal antibody.",
"Aromatase inhibitor.",
"GLP-1 receptor agonist.",
"Converted to active metabolite penciclovir.",
"H2 receptor antagonist with substantial renal elimination.",
"Potassium channel blocker with high renal elimination.",
"Xanthine oxidase inhibitor.",
"Calcium channel blocker.",
"Potent opioid analgesic.",
"Second-generation antihistamine.",
"Class IC antiarrhythmic.",
"Penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam antibiotic.",
"Triazole antifungal with high oral bioavailability.",
"Antifungal with high renal elimination.",
"Purine analogue chemotherapy.",
"Benzodiazepine hypnotic.",
"Antimetabolite chemotherapy with very short half-life.",
"Active metabolite norfluoxetine has prolonged half-life.",
"Active metabolite hydroxyflutamide contributes to activity.",
"Inhaled corticosteroid.",
"Statin with extensive hepatic metabolism.",
"SSRI with extensive metabolism.",
"Active metabolite amprenavir contributes to activity.",
"Active metabolite temsavir contributes to activity; blood/plasma ratio approximately 0.85.",
"Nitrosourea alkylating agent.",
"Monoclonal antibody targeting CGRP.",
"Loop diuretic.",
"Steroid antibiotic with extensive protein binding.",
"Antiseizure medicine with high renal elimination.",
"Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.",
"Monoclonal antibody targeting CGRP.",
"Antiviral with high renal elimination.",
"Fibric acid derivative.",
"Aminoglycoside requiring therapeutic drug monitoring.",
"FLT3 inhibitor.",
"Sulfonylurea antidiabetic.",
"Peptide hormone.",
"Bioavailability depends strongly on route of administration.",
"Long-acting muscarinic antagonist.",
"Antimuscarinic bronchodilator.",
"5-HT3 antagonist antiemetic.",
"Bioavailability increases with fatty meals.",
"Alpha-2A agonist used in ADHD.",
"Typical antipsychotic.",
"Direct vasodilator.",
"Thiazide diuretic.",
"Antimuscarinic agent.",
"Belladonna alkaloid.",
"Bisphosphonate with prolonged skeletal retention.",
"BTK inhibitor.",
"NSAID with extensive protein binding.",
"Bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist.",
"Active metabolite idarubicinol contributes to exposure.",
"PI3K delta inhibitor.",
"Prostacyclin analogue.",
"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor.",
"Carbapenem antibiotic.",
"Tricyclic antidepressant; therapeutic drug monitoring may be useful.",
"Fraction of inhaled dose absorbed through gastrointestinal tract is approximately 0.05.",
"Angiotensin receptor blocker.",
"Active metabolite SN-38 contributes substantially to toxicity and efficacy.",
"Triazole antifungal with prolonged half-life.",
"Antitubercular drug with acetylator variability.",
"Nitrate vasodilator.",
"Nitrate vasodilator with high oral bioavailability.",
"Retinoid used in acne treatment.",
"Oral absorption affected by gastric acidity.",
"Heart rate-lowering agent acting on If channels.",
"Values may differ in children.",
"Proteasome inhibitor with prolonged half-life.",
"Therapeutic drug monitoring may be useful.",
"Proton pump inhibitor.",
"Extremely prolonged skeletal retention.",
"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor.",
"Blood/plasma ratio approximately 0.9.",
"NS5A inhibitor used in hepatitis C.",
"Blood/plasma ratio approximately 0.65.",
"Immunomodulatory drug.",
"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor.",
"Blood/plasma ratio approximately 0.56.",
"Aromatase inhibitor.",
"Parameters refer to active (-) isomer.",
"Oral bioavailability values vary with formulation and decarboxylase inhibitor coadministration.",
"Class IB antiarrhythmic and local anaesthetic.",
"Lincosamide antibiotic.",
"Oxazolidinone antibiotic.",
"GLP-1 receptor agonist.",
"ACE inhibitor with high renal elimination.",
"Requires therapeutic drug monitoring.",
"GLP-1 receptor agonist.",
"Peripheral opioid agonist with limited CNS penetration.",
"Second-generation antihistamine.",
"Benzodiazepine.",
"ALK/ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor.",
"Active metabolite E3174 contributes to activity.",
"CFTR corrector.",
"CCR5 antagonist antiretroviral.",
"Recombinant insulin-like growth factor-1.",
"NSAID with extensive protein binding.",
"Alkylating chemotherapy.",
"Local anaesthetic.",
"Purine analogue antimetabolite.",
"Uroprotective agent used with ifosfamide/cyclophosphamide.",
"Anabolic androgenic steroid.",
"Biguanide antidiabetic agent.",
"Long half-life opioid.",
"Antimetabolite chemotherapy requiring monitoring.",
"Central alpha-2 agonist antihypertensive.",
"Peripheral opioid antagonist.",
"Excellent oral bioavailability.",
"Tetracyclic antidepressant.",
"Systemic absorption can occur after buccal or vaginal administration.",
"Short-acting benzodiazepine.",
"Active metabolite is desglymidodrine.",
"SNRI antidepressant.",
"Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor.",
"Tetracycline antibiotic.",
"Converted to active sulfate metabolite.",
"Beta-3 adrenergic agonist.",
"Active metabolite is misoprostol acid.",
"Antitumor antibiotic.",
"Leukotriene receptor antagonist.",
"Active metabolite is morphine-6-glucuronide.",
"Data refer to mycophenolic acid.",
"Opioid antagonist.",
"Peripheral opioid antagonist.",
"Rapid hepatic first-pass metabolism.",
"Longer acting opioid antagonist.",
"Highly protein bound NSAID.",
"Monoclonal antibody.",
"Marked pharmacogenomic variability between extensive and poor metabolizers.",
"NK1 receptor antagonist.",
"Autoinduction may alter kinetics over time.",
"Potassium channel activator.",
"Also known as niacin.",
"Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker.",
"Blood/serum ratio approximately 0.68.",
"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in pulmonary fibrosis and oncology.",
"PARP inhibitor.",
"Benzodiazepine hypnotic.",
"Urinary antiseptic.",
"H2 receptor antagonist.",
"Fluoroquinolone antibiotic.",
"Therapeutic drug monitoring may be useful.",
"PARP inhibitor.",
"Prodrug olmesartan medoxomil converted to olmesartan.",
"Long-acting beta-2 agonist.",
"Proton pump inhibitor.",
"5-HT3 antagonist antiemetic.",
"Active metabolite is opicapone sulfate.",
"Data refer to active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate.",
"Blood/plasma ratio approximately 0.85.",
"EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor.",
"Values refer to ultrafiltrable platinum.",
"Benzodiazepine anxiolytic.",
"Semisynthetic opioid analgesic.",
"Non-linear pharmacokinetics with wide interpatient variability.",
"Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor.",
"Active metabolite of risperidone.",
"Long-acting 5-HT3 antagonist antiemetic.",
"Extensive uptake into bone.",
"Proton pump inhibitor.",
"Bioavailability approximately 0.35 after rectal administration.",
"SSRI antidepressant metabolized by CYP2D6.",
"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor.",
"FGFR inhibitor.",
"Half-life refers to stored D-penicillamine.",
"Also known as oxpentifylline.",
"AMPA receptor antagonist used in epilepsy.",
"Highly variable half-life depending on CYP2D6 metabolizer status; therapeutic drug monitoring recommended.",
"Active metabolite is perindoprilat.",
"Active metabolite norpethidine may accumulate and cause neurotoxicity.",
"Therapeutic drug monitoring recommended.",
"Non-selective irreversible alpha-adrenergic antagonist.",
"Also known as penicillin V.",
"Non-linear pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring important.",
"Thiazolidinedione antidiabetic.",
"Extended-spectrum antipseudomonal penicillin.",
"Antifibrotic agent used in pulmonary fibrosis.",
"S1P receptor modulator.",
"Bioavailability increases significantly with food.",
"Dopamine agonist; erythrocyte/plasma ratio approximately 2.",
"Hydrophilic statin with substantial renal elimination.",
"Alpha-1 adrenergic blocker.",
"Systemic corticosteroid.",
"Renally eliminated gabapentinoid; dose adjustment required in renal impairment.",
"Uricosuric agent.",
"Typical antipsychotic antiemetic.",
"Sedating antihistamine and phenothiazine derivative.",
"Antimuscarinic agent.",
"IV anesthetic agent with rapid redistribution.",
"Sympathomimetic decongestant.",
"Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.",
"Atypical antipsychotic.",
"Active metabolite quinaprilat contributes prolonged ACE inhibition.",
"Antimalarial alkaloid.",
"Proton pump inhibitor.",
"Selective estrogen receptor modulator.",
"Integrase inhibitor antiretroviral.",
"Thymidylate synthase inhibitor with prolonged terminal half-life.",
"Active metabolite ramiprilat contributes substantially to effect.",
"H2 receptor antagonist.",
"Bioavailability increases after high-fat meal.",
"CDK4/6 inhibitor; blood/plasma ratio approximately 1.04.",
"May induce its own metabolism.",
"Potent CYP inducer antibiotic.",
"Poorly absorbed rifamycin antibiotic.",
"NNRTI antiretroviral.",
"Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator.",
"Monoclonal antibody targeting IL-23.",
"SMN2 splicing modifier.",
"Bisphosphonate with prolonged skeletal retention.",
"Active metabolite 9-hydroxyrisperidone contributes significantly to exposure.",
"Dopamine agonist.",
"Hydrophilic statin.",
"Transdermal dopamine agonist.",
"Macrolide antibiotic.",
"Antiseizure medication.",
"JAK inhibitor.",
"Active neprilysin inhibitor metabolite contributes to activity.",
"MAO-B inhibitor.",
"Short-acting beta-2 agonist bronchodilator.",
"Synthetic tetrahydrobiopterin.",
"DPP-4 inhibitor.",
"MAO-B inhibitor; oral bioavailability increases threefold with high-fat meals.",
"GLP-1 receptor agonist with prolonged half-life enabling weekly dosing.",
"Active metabolite N-desmethylsertraline contributes to exposure.",
"Active metabolite simvastatin beta-hydroxy acid analogue.",
"S1P receptor modulator.",
"DPP-4 inhibitor primarily renally eliminated.",
"Active metabolite predominates clinically.",
"Long half-life antimuscarinic used for overactive bladder.",
"Hedgehog pathway inhibitor with prolonged tissue persistence.",
"High-fat meals reduce bioavailability.",
"Class III antiarrhythmic with extensive renal elimination.",
"Metabolized in colon to sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid.",
"Active sulfide metabolite contributes to activity.",
"5-HT1 receptor agonist for migraine.",
"Active metabolite SU12662 contributes significantly to exposure.",
"Orexin receptor antagonist.",
"Therapeutic drug monitoring recommended due to narrow therapeutic index.",
"Transthyretin stabilizer.",
"Long half-life antimalarial.",
"PARP inhibitor.",
"Active metabolite N-desmethyltamoxifen contributes to prolonged action.",
"Glycopeptide antibiotic with prolonged half-life.",
"Active metabolite contributes to serotonin synthesis inhibition.",
"Benzodiazepine hypnotic.",
"MET inhibitor.",
"Alpha-1 adrenergic blocker.",
"Beta-2 agonist bronchodilator.",
"Very prolonged half-life due to enterohepatic recycling.",
"Transdermal bioavailability approximately 0.1.",
"Broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic.",
"CFTR corrector.",
"Immunomodulatory agent.",
"Half-life shortened by smoking; therapeutic drug monitoring recommended.",
"Ultra-short acting barbiturate anesthetic.",
"Variable intravesical bioavailability.",
"Effects mediated largely by active metabolites with approximately 7-hour half-lives.",
"Extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic.",
"Non-selective beta blocker.",
"Aminoglycoside antibiotic; therapeutic drug monitoring recommended.",
"IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody.",
"JAK inhibitor.",
"Vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist.",
"Antiepileptic with mixed renal and hepatic elimination.",
"Topoisomerase I inhibitor.",
"Selective estrogen receptor modulator.",
"MEK inhibitor.",
"Active metabolite trandolaprilat contributes substantially to activity.",
"Alkylating agent.",
"Active metabolite p-hydroxytriamterene sulfate.",
"Short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotic.",
"Antimuscarinic antiparkinsonian agent.",
"Antibacterial folate synthesis inhibitor.",
"Selective progesterone receptor modulator.",
"Prodrug converted to aciclovir.",
"Therapeutic drug monitoring recommended.",
"Angiotensin receptor blocker.",
"Glycopeptide antibiotic; therapeutic drug monitoring recommended.",
"Very prolonged half-life due to extensive tissue distribution.",
"Partial nicotinic receptor agonist for smoking cessation.",
"BCL-2 inhibitor.",
"Active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine contributes to activity.",
"Calcium channel blocker with extensive first-pass metabolism.",
"Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator.",
"Active metabolite desacetylvinblastine.",
"Vinca alkaloid antineoplastic.",
"Hedgehog pathway inhibitor.",
"Histone deacetylase inhibitor.",
"Multimodal serotonergic antidepressant.",
"Highly protein-bound anticoagulant.",
"BTK inhibitor; blood/plasma ratio approximately 0.75.",
"NRTI antiretroviral.",
"Bisphosphonate with extensive uptake into bone.",
"Half-life increases markedly in cirrhosis.",
"Sulfonamide antiepileptic."
),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
ui <- fluidPage(
tags$head(
tags$style(HTML("
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f7f9fb;
}
.main-title {
color: #2c3e50;
font-weight: 700;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.subtitle {
color: #566573;
font-size: 16px;
margin-bottom: 25px;
}
.pk-card {
background: white;
border-radius: 16px;
padding: 18px;
margin-bottom: 15px;
box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
min-height: 125px;
}
.pk-card h4 {
color: #34495e;
font-size: 16px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.value {
font-size: 24px;
font-weight: bold;
color: #1f618d;
}
.clinical-box {
background: #eef7ff;
border-left: 6px solid #1f618d;
padding: 20px;
border-radius: 14px;
margin-top: 20px;
}
.profile-box {
background: white;
border-radius: 16px;
padding: 20px;
box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
margin-top: 20px;
}
.small-note {
font-size: 13px;
color: #6c757d;
}
.warning-text {
color: #922b21;
font-weight: 600;
}
"))
),
h1("Drug Elimination Visualizer", class = "main-title"),
div(
"A teaching tool showing how the relative systemic drug amount declines over time after the drug has entered systemic circulation.",
class = "subtitle"
),
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel(
selectInput(
inputId = "drug",
label = "Select a drug",
choices = pk_data$Drug,
selected = "Abemaciclib"
),
sliderInput(
inputId = "time",
label = "Simulation time, hours",
min = 24,
max = 1000,
value = 240,
step = 24
),
sliderInput(
inputId = "renal_factor",
label = "Renal impairment factor",
min = 1,
max = 5,
value = 1,
step = 0.5
),
tags$hr(),
p(
strong("Interpretation:"),
"All drugs start at 100% systemic amount. The curve shows elimination only."
),
p(
class = "small-note",
"This simplified model does not simulate oral absorption, Cmax, Tmax, infusion input, distribution phase, or target-mediated disposition."
)
),
mainPanel(
h3(textOutput("drug_title")),
fluidRow(
column(
4,
div(
class = "pk-card",
h4("Adjusted half-life"),
div(class = "value", textOutput("half_life")),
p(class = "small-note", "Used to generate the curve.")
)
),
column(
4,
div(
class = "pk-card",
h4("Near washout time"),
div(class = "value", textOutput("washout")),
p(class = "small-note", "Approx. 5 half-lives.")
)
),
column(
4,
div(
class = "pk-card",
h4("Remaining at final time"),
div(class = "value", textOutput("final_remaining")),
p(class = "small-note", "Percentage remaining at selected time.")
)
)
),
plotOutput("elimination_plot", height = "420px"),
div(
class = "clinical-box",
h4("Clinical interpretation"),
uiOutput("clinical_interpretation")
),
div(
class = "profile-box",
h4("Selected drug PK profile"),
tableOutput("selected_profile")
)
)
),
hr(),
div(
style = "
background-color:#f8f9fa;
padding:15px;
border-radius:10px;
margin-top:20px;
font-size:14px;
",
h4("References"),
tags$ol(
tags$li(
"Moffat AC, Osselton MD, Widdop B. ",
tags$i("Clarke’s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons.")
),
tags$li(tags$i("eMIMS Australia.")),
tags$li(
"Lacy CF, Armstrong LL, Goldman MP, Lance LL. ",
tags$i("Drug Information Handbook.")
),
tags$li(
"Ashley C, Dunleavy A. ",
tags$i("The Renal Drug Handbook.")
),
tags$li("Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Australia.")
)
)
)
server <- function(input, output, session) {
selected_drug <- reactive({
pk_data[pk_data$Drug == input$drug, ]
})
adjusted_half_life <- reactive({
drug <- selected_drug()
if (!is.na(drug$Fe_numeric) && drug$Fe_numeric >= 0.5) {
drug$Half_life_h * input$renal_factor
} else {
drug$Half_life_h
}
})
output$drug_title <- renderText({
selected_drug()$Drug
})
output$half_life <- renderText({
paste0(round(adjusted_half_life(), 1), " h")
})
output$washout <- renderText({
paste0(round(adjusted_half_life() * 5, 1), " h")
})
output$final_remaining <- renderText({
hl <- adjusted_half_life()
k <- 0.693 / hl
final_percent <- 100 * exp(-k * input$time)
paste0(round(final_percent, 1), "%")
})
output$elimination_plot <- renderPlot({
hl <- adjusted_half_life()
k <- 0.693 / hl
time <- seq(0, input$time, length.out = 400)
percent_remaining <- 100 * exp(-k * time)
plot(
time,
percent_remaining,
type = "l",
lwd = 4,
col = "#1f618d",
xlab = "Time after systemic exposure, hours",
ylab = "Relative drug amount remaining (%)",
main = paste("Elimination profile for", input$drug),
ylim = c(0, 100)
)
grid()
abline(h = 50, lty = 2, col = "gray50")
abline(h = 25, lty = 3, col = "gray60")
text(input$time * 0.80, 53, "50% remaining", col = "gray40")
text(input$time * 0.80, 28, "25% remaining", col = "gray40")
})
output$clinical_interpretation <- renderUI({
drug <- selected_drug()
hl <- adjusted_half_life()
washout <- hl * 5
tagList(
p(
strong("Core meaning: "),
"This curve shows elimination after the drug has entered systemic circulation."
),
tags$ul(
tags$li(paste0("The adjusted half-life used in the model is ", round(hl, 1), " hours.")),
tags$li(paste0("Near washout is estimated at approximately ", round(washout, 1), " hours, using the 5 half-life rule.")),
if (!is.na(drug$Fe_numeric) && drug$Fe_numeric >= 0.5) {
tags$li(
class = "warning-text",
"This drug has substantial renal excretion. Increasing the renal impairment factor prolongs the half-life and flattens the curve."
)
},
if (!is.na(drug$Fe_numeric) && drug$Fe_numeric < 0.5) {
tags$li("Renal excretion is not dominant, so the renal impairment factor does not change the curve in this simplified model.")
},
if (is.na(drug$Fe_numeric)) {
tags$li("Renal excretion is unknown in this simplified dataset, so the renal impairment factor does not change the curve.")
},
if (!is.na(drug$Fu_numeric) && drug$Fu_numeric <= 0.1) {
tags$li("The drug is highly protein bound, so changes in albumin or displacement interactions may increase unbound active drug.")
},
if (!is.na(drug$F_numeric) && drug$F_numeric < 0.5) {
tags$li("Oral bioavailability is below 50%, but this visualizer does not model oral absorption.")
}
),
p(strong("Comment: "), drug$Comment)
)
})
output$selected_profile <- renderTable({
drug <- selected_drug()
data.frame(
Parameter = c(
"Drug",
"Original half-life",
"Model half-life in hours",
"Clearance",
"Fraction excreted unchanged, Fe",
"Fraction unbound, Fu",
"Oral bioavailability, F",
"Comment"
),
Value = c(
drug$Drug,
drug$Half_life_display,
paste0(drug$Half_life_h, " h"),
drug$Clearance,
drug$Fe_display,
drug$Fu_display,
drug$F_display,
drug$Comment
),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
})
}
shinyApp(ui, server)